Melatonin
By Russel Reiter and Jo Robinson – 20 Q&As – Unbekoming Book Summary
Melatonin has come up a few times during the last year.
Cancer and the New Biology of Water - Lies are Unbekoming
Question 30: What is the role of melatonin in cancer therapy?
Melatonin, a hormone naturally produced in the body, is gaining attention in cancer therapy due to its multiple potential benefits. Primarily known for its role in regulating sleep-wake cycles, melatonin also has strong antioxidant properties and can influence various cellular processes relevant to cancer. Research has shown that melatonin may help improve the effectiveness of conventional cancer treatments while reducing their side effects.
In cancer therapy, melatonin is thought to work through several mechanisms. It may help induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) in cancer cells, inhibit angiogenesis (the formation of new blood vessels that feed tumors), and enhance the immune system's ability to fight cancer. Additionally, melatonin's sleep-promoting effects may support overall health and healing during cancer treatment. Some studies have shown improved survival rates and quality of life in cancer patients using high-dose melatonin supplementation alongside conventional treatments.
Interview with Roman S. Shapoval - Lies are Unbekoming
Contrary to what many believe, our bodies begin the cycle of melatonin regeneration at sunrise. Melatonin is a pro-growth hormone that restores our organism, and fights cancer. There is a second type called subcellular melatonin, that is absorbed by our skin and eyes. We produce 95% of our melatonin throughout the cells of our skin and eyes, and only 5% in the pineal gland of our brain.
Photobiologists like Alexander Wunsch have discovered that two-thirds of our bodies’ energy requirements come from light, and only one-third comes from food. Our bodies use light, just like a plant, to create energy for life. The only difference is that plants use magnesium, and we use a protein called heme. Heme transports oxygen to our cells and is made in our mitochondria. In our experience, many of our followers and clients worry about radiofrequency from cell towers, while ignoring the drastic implications of blue light. Blue light at night can suppress melatonin secretion for longer periods of time than any other wavelength of light. This leads to what we call the melatonin hangover.
Our melatonin levels begin to increase about two hours before bed, and peak five hours after we’ve fallen asleep. If you look at a screen right before your typical bedtime of 10pm, you’ve now delayed the onset of melatonin by at least two hours. Instead of melatonin peaking at 3am, it will peak at 5am, and you will wake up feeling groggy. Since melatonin fights cancer, reducing levels is not wise for those who want to remain healthy.
I’ve been meaning to do a stack on melatonin and when I saw that Dr Robert Yoho had recently addressed the subject, I thought it time to also create something.
Key points I learned recently include:
At 45 years old, melatonin production drops close to zero. Supplementation after this has many of the benefits outlined here.
After taking it orally, it persists in the body for an hour (Doris Loh) or two (other sources).
It avidly suppresses cancer, or at least it prevents metastases.
It has healing and preventive effects on heart disease (see my last post for that).
It has a dominant role in hormone metabolism. Thousands of studies and reviews documented dozens of healthy effects.
Doses of about 200 mg daily or more, sometimes divided throughout the day, are now standard practice in some alternative cancer clinics. The doctors are convinced it halts cancer progress.
Much larger doses than that are being used now. Doris Loh takes three grams daily after her mouse experiments convinced her that larger doses were healthy.
Melatonin has no specific soporific (sleep-inducing) effect and thus can be taken during the day.
Taking it does not suppress your body’s output because melatonin does not have a negative feedback loop, such as the one governing testosterone, which makes your testicles shrink when its natural production declines.
High-dose melatonin often cures or improves arthritis, even osteoarthritis, which is traditionally not considered inflammatory. It also works well for chronic pain, especially night pain.
Shallenberger says that melatonin conquers Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, macular degeneration, and many other diseases of aging. He thinks it is the best longevity drug ever found. People who take it over decades report they look much younger than their stated age.
Melatonin is classified as a dietary supplement in the United States and Canada and is available over the counter. In the EU, melatonin is approved as a prescription medication for insomnia in people over age 54. Many other countries regulate it as a prescription medication. I doubt this is enforced, but you might put your powder in an unidentified container if you are as paranoid as me.
Buy melatonin powder cheaply from bulksupplements.com or purebulk.com. To gauge how much to take, measure the weight of a teaspoon in milligrams using a $20 electronic scale like this one. Use fractional measuring spoons to get the desired dose, which you can eat directly or mix with a small amount of water or juice. Sixty-milligram capsules can be obtained from scientifichealthsolutions.com, but they are far more expensive.
Melatonin has dozens of other effects that improve health.
Let’s start with an analogy.
Analogy
Melatonin: The Body's Night Watchman
A wonderful analogy that encapsulates the book's central message is to think of melatonin as a dedicated night watchman for the body. Just like a watchman diligently patrols a property at night, ensuring everything is safe and sound, melatonin works tirelessly during the dark hours to protect and restore the body.
Protection from Damage: The watchman keeps an eye out for potential threats like fire or theft. Similarly, melatonin acts as a powerful antioxidant, scavenging harmful free radicals that can damage cells and contribute to aging and disease. This protective effect is particularly crucial in the brain, which is highly susceptible to free radical damage.
Repair and Rejuvenation: A responsible watchman also checks for any damage and makes repairs where needed. Melatonin supports the immune system, enhancing the body's ability to fight off infections and repair cellular damage incurred throughout the day.
Maintaining Order: The watchman ensures everything runs smoothly during the night. Melatonin helps to regulate vital processes, including the sleep-wake cycle, body temperature, and hormone production, ensuring the body is in sync and functioning optimally.
Preparation for the Day Ahead: Before the day begins, the watchman ensures the property is ready for activity. Similarly, melatonin prepares the body for the day by promoting restful sleep, allowing for physical and mental rejuvenation.
However, just like a watchman's effectiveness can be compromised by factors like poor lighting or lack of resources, melatonin's ability to perform its duties can be hampered by modern lifestyle factors:
Exposure to light at night: Just as bright lights can blind a watchman, exposure to artificial light in the evening, especially from electronic devices, can suppress melatonin production, disrupting its natural rhythm.
Certain medications: Some medications can interfere with melatonin production, similar to how a watchman might be hindered by faulty equipment. Beta-blockers, NSAIDs (like aspirin), and some antidepressants can lower melatonin levels.
Stress and poor sleep habits: Chronic stress and insufficient sleep can deplete the body's resources, making it difficult for melatonin to function effectively, similar to how a watchman might struggle in a chaotic or disruptive environment.
The book highlights the importance of supporting our body's "night watchman" by making lifestyle changes that promote healthy melatonin production, such as:
Getting enough sleep in a dark environment: This allows melatonin to work undisturbed during its natural peak production time.
Limiting exposure to bright light in the evening: This helps to maintain the natural melatonin rhythm.
Being mindful of medication use: Discuss potential melatonin-depleting effects with a doctor and explore alternatives.
Adopting stress-reducing practices: This supports overall health and helps optimize melatonin production.
By taking these steps, we can empower our body's night watchman to perform its crucial functions, ensuring a healthier and more vibrant life.
12-point summary of the book
Melatonin is a naturally occurring hormone produced by the pineal gland in the brain. It is involved in regulating the body's sleep-wake cycle and plays a crucial role in maintaining overall health.
One of melatonin's primary functions is regulating sleep. It helps to induce and maintain sleep, and research suggests it is a safe and effective sleep aid, even in older adults. Unlike many prescription sleep aids, melatonin does not interfere with the normal stages of sleep or negatively impact memory and cognitive function.
Melatonin is a powerful antioxidant. It helps to protect the body's cells from damage caused by free radicals, unstable molecules that can contribute to aging and various diseases. Melatonin's antioxidant capacity has been shown to be superior to other known antioxidants, such as vitamin E.
Studies suggest melatonin may have protective effects against cataracts. The lens of the eye is particularly vulnerable to free radical damage, leading to clouding and cataract formation. Melatonin's antioxidant properties can help protect the proteins in the lens from damage.
Melatonin may also have a role in heart health. It may contribute to regulating blood pressure. Melatonin's ability to inhibit platelet aggregation (blood clotting) may also reduce the risk of heart attacks and strokes.
Melatonin is a key modulator of the immune system. It helps to regulate the activity of immune cells and enhances the body's defense mechanisms. Research suggests melatonin may boost the immune system, particularly during periods of stress.
Animal studies have shown that melatonin can significantly extend lifespan. While research on humans is ongoing, the evidence from animal studies, coupled with melatonin's wide-ranging physiological effects, suggests a potential role in promoting longevity and healthy aging.
Melatonin production is influenced by light exposure. Bright light at night, especially in the hours before bedtime, can suppress melatonin production. Conversely, exposure to natural daylight can help regulate the body's natural melatonin rhythm.
Exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMFs) from electronic devices and power lines may also reduce melatonin production. Although the exact mechanisms are not fully understood, EMFs may interfere with the pineal gland's ability to produce melatonin.
Several medications can deplete melatonin levels. These include certain beta-blockers, NSAIDs like aspirin and ibuprofen, some antidepressants, benzodiazepines, and calcium channel blockers. These drugs often interfere with the pathways involved in melatonin production.
Certain dietary and lifestyle choices can support healthy melatonin levels. Consuming foods rich in tryptophan (an amino acid precursor to melatonin), managing stress through techniques like meditation and yoga, and engaging in regular physical activity can contribute to healthy melatonin production.
While melatonin supplements are generally considered safe for short-term use, it's crucial to approach supplementation with caution. Long-term safety data is limited. Consulting a healthcare professional before starting melatonin supplements is recommended, especially for individuals with underlying health conditions or those taking other medications.
Melatonin (1995)
Breakthrough Discoveries That Can Help You Combat Aging, Boost Your Immune System, Reduce Your Risk of Cancer and Heart Disease, Get a Better Night's Slee
By Russel Reiter and Jo Robinson
20 Questions & Answers
Question (1): What is melatonin, and what makes it a "life-giving molecule" and a "natural wonder drug?"
Melatonin is a molecule produced primarily by the pineal gland, a tiny organ nestled in the center of the brain. It plays a significant role in regulating the body's internal clock and influencing various physiological processes. It has been dubbed a "life-giving molecule" and a "natural wonder drug" due to its remarkable array of potential health benefits.
These potential benefits include potent antioxidant effects, which protect cells from damage caused by free radicals. Melatonin also appears to strengthen the immune system, regulate sleep cycles, synchronize biological rhythms, influence hormonal balance, and even exhibit anti-aging properties. Its wide-ranging influence on health and well-being has led to its recognition as a molecule with remarkable potential.
Question (2): How was melatonin discovered, and who were the key figures involved?
The discovery of melatonin began in the 1950s with Aaron Lerner, a dermatologist searching for a substance that could lighten skin. Lerner focused his research on the pineal gland, a small organ in the brain, and eventually succeeded in isolating and identifying the molecule responsible for the skin-lightening effect: melatonin.
Initially, there was limited interest in the newly discovered hormone. However, further research revealed its sleep-inducing properties and potential role in regulating the body's internal clock. This sparked a surge in scientific interest and led to the exploration of melatonin's diverse functions and potential health benefits.
Question (3): Where is melatonin produced in the body, and how does its production vary throughout a 24-hour cycle and across the human lifespan?
Melatonin is primarily produced by the pineal gland, a small, pinecone-shaped organ located in the center of the brain. While small amounts of melatonin may be produced elsewhere in the body, the pineal gland is the primary source.
The production of melatonin follows a distinct circadian rhythm, rising in the evening, peaking during the night, and falling to low levels during the day. This nocturnal pattern is influenced by light exposure, with darkness stimulating melatonin production and light suppressing it. Melatonin production also varies throughout the human lifespan, peaking in early childhood and gradually declining with age.
The Relationship Between Light and Melatonin Production
The authors explain that light exposure plays a crucial role in regulating melatonin production. The body has a sophisticated timekeeping mechanism involving the eyes, the body clock (suprachiasmatic nuclei or SCN), and the pineal gland. This mechanism is responsible for maintaining the circadian rhythm, the body's natural 24-hour cycle.
Light acts as a powerful signal that suppresses melatonin production. When light enters the eyes, it sends a message through a pathway to the SCN, signaling it to switch to the "off" phase. The SCN, in turn, stops sending signals to the pineal gland, effectively shutting down melatonin production. This mechanism is why melatonin is primarily produced at night when the absence of light allows the SCN to activate the pineal gland.
The authors emphasize that even relatively dim light can inhibit melatonin production. While bright sunlight can cause a significant reduction in melatonin levels, studies have shown that as little as 100 lux—the level of light found in many indoor environments—can suppress melatonin in some individuals.
This sensitivity to light has important implications for modern lifestyles. Exposure to artificial light at night, especially from electronic devices and bright indoor lighting, can disrupt the natural melatonin rhythm. This disruption can lead to sleep problems, mood disturbances, and other health issues.
Furthermore, the authors note that the duration of melatonin production is crucial for the body to interpret the time of year. This duration influences various seasonal changes in animals, including reproductive cycles. In humans, longer periods of daylight in the summer months lead to shorter periods of melatonin production, potentially contributing to seasonal variations in mood and behavior.
The impact of light on melatonin levels underscores the importance of:
Getting enough sleep in a dark environment to allow for optimal melatonin production.
Limiting exposure to bright light, especially blue light from electronic devices, in the evening.
Increasing exposure to natural daylight during the day to help regulate the natural melatonin rhythm.
By understanding the relationship between light exposure and melatonin production, individuals can make informed choices to support their overall health and well-being.
Question (4): What factors can influence melatonin production, both positively and negatively?
Numerous factors can influence melatonin production. Light exposure is the primary regulator, with darkness stimulating melatonin production and light suppressing it. Exposure to bright light at night, especially blue light emitted from electronic devices, can significantly disrupt melatonin production and interfere with sleep.
Other factors that can negatively impact melatonin production include aging, stress, certain medications (such as beta-blockers and NSAIDs), caffeine, alcohol, and exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMFs). To enhance melatonin production, it is crucial to minimize light exposure at night, maintain regular sleep patterns, reduce stress, and consider dietary adjustments.
Question (5): How does melatonin function as a potent antioxidant, and what are the implications for protecting against free radical damage and aging?
Melatonin functions as a potent antioxidant by effectively neutralizing free radicals, harmful molecules that can damage cells, contribute to aging, and increase the risk of various diseases. Unlike other antioxidants, which often scavenge a single free radical before becoming inactive, melatonin can neutralize multiple free radicals.
This exceptional ability to scavenge free radicals has significant implications for protecting against age-related decline and diseases associated with oxidative stress. By neutralizing free radicals, melatonin may help prevent or delay the onset of conditions such as cancer, heart disease, Alzheimer's disease, and cataracts.
Question (6): What are the specific mechanisms by which melatonin boosts the immune system, and how does this relate to its potential for treating diseases like AIDS and cancer?
Melatonin strengthens the immune system through a variety of mechanisms. It enhances the activity of T-helper cells, a critical component of the immune system responsible for coordinating immune responses. This stimulation of T-helper cells leads to a cascade of effects, boosting the production of other immune components, including natural killer cells, phagocytes, and cytokines.
These immune-boosting effects are particularly relevant to diseases like AIDS and cancer, where the immune system is compromised or needs to be enhanced to fight off abnormal cells. In the case of AIDS, melatonin's ability to stimulate IL-2 production and enhance the activity of natural killer cells could help slow the progression of the disease. For cancer, melatonin's ability to strengthen immune responses and potentially inhibit tumor growth may hold promise as a complementary therapy.
Melatonin, the Immune System, and Cancer
The authors highlight a strong connection between melatonin, the immune system, and cancer. Melatonin plays a significant role in regulating and enhancing the immune system, which is the body's natural defense against diseases, including cancer.
Melatonin's Boost to the Immune System
The authors describe the immune system as a complex network of cells and organs that work together to protect the body from harmful invaders, like viruses, bacteria, and cancerous cells. Melatonin acts as a powerful modulator of this intricate system, influencing the activity of various immune cells and enhancing the body's overall defense mechanisms.
One of melatonin's key roles is stimulating the production of essential immune cells, including:
Natural killer (NK) cells: These specialized cells are responsible for attacking and destroying cancer cells and virus-infected cells. Studies have shown that even small amounts of melatonin can significantly increase the production of NK cells.
Phagocytes: These cells engulf and destroy harmful invaders. Melatonin enhances the activity of phagocytes, making them more efficient at eliminating threats.
T-helper cells: These cells play a central role in coordinating the immune response. Melatonin interacts with receptors on T-helper cells, triggering a cascade of events that leads to the production of various immune components, including cytokines, which are signaling molecules crucial for immune cell communication and activation.
Melatonin and Cancer Prevention
The authors suggest that melatonin's immune-boosting properties may play a significant role in cancer prevention. By enhancing the surveillance and attack mechanisms of the immune system, melatonin can help the body identify and eliminate cancerous cells before they develop into tumors.
Several studies have shown that melatonin can inhibit the growth of various types of cancer cells in test tubes, including breast cancer, lung cancer, cervical cancer, melanoma, and prostate cancer. While research in humans is still ongoing, these findings suggest that melatonin may have the potential to prevent or slow the growth of cancer.
The authors propose several mechanisms by which melatonin might exert its anti-cancer effects:
Direct inhibition of cancer cell growth: Melatonin may directly interfere with the processes that regulate cancer cell division and proliferation.
Enhancing the immune response: Melatonin's ability to stimulate the production and activity of immune cells like NK cells strengthens the body's natural defense against cancer.
Protecting DNA from damage: As a potent antioxidant, melatonin can protect DNA from damage caused by free radicals, which can contribute to cancer development.
Melatonin as an Adjunct to Cancer Therapies
The authors also explore the potential of melatonin as an adjunct to conventional cancer therapies, like chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery. These treatments, while effective in killing cancer cells, can often weaken the immune system and cause significant side effects.
Studies suggest that melatonin can help to counteract the toxic effects of these treatments and improve the effectiveness of immunotherapy. Melatonin may:
Protect the bone marrow: Chemotherapy and radiation can damage bone marrow, which is responsible for producing immune cells. Melatonin can help protect bone marrow cells from damage, allowing the body to recover faster and continue fighting cancer.
Reduce side effects: Melatonin may help to alleviate some of the side effects of cancer treatments, such as fatigue, nausea, and pain.
Enhance the effectiveness of immunotherapy: Melatonin can increase the production of interleukin-2 (IL-2), a cytokine used in immunotherapy to stimulate the immune system's attack against cancer. Combining melatonin with IL-2 has shown promising results in some studies.
Question (7): How does melatonin regulate sleep, and what are its advantages as a natural sleep aid compared to conventional medications?
Melatonin regulates sleep by synchronizing the body's internal clock with the natural light-dark cycle. As darkness falls, melatonin levels rise, signaling to the body that it is time to sleep. This natural rise in melatonin promotes relaxation and sleepiness, making it a valuable natural sleep aid.
Compared to conventional sleep medications, such as benzodiazepines, melatonin offers several advantages. It does not disrupt normal sleep architecture, the natural progression through different stages of sleep, which is often disturbed by benzodiazepines. Melatonin is also non-toxic, non-habit-forming, and does not cause the cognitive impairment or daytime drowsiness sometimes associated with benzodiazepines.
Question (8): In what ways does melatonin help synchronize the body's biological rhythms, and how can it be used to alleviate jet lag and shift work problems?
Melatonin helps synchronize the body's biological rhythms by regulating the timing of various physiological processes, such as sleep-wake cycles, hormone release, and body temperature fluctuations. These rhythms are controlled by the body's internal clock, which is highly sensitive to light and dark cues.
When these rhythms are disrupted, such as during jet lag or shift work, melatonin can be used to help reset the internal clock and alleviate the associated symptoms. By taking melatonin at specific times, travelers can adjust their body clocks to the new time zone, minimizing fatigue, sleep disturbances, and other jet lag symptoms. Similarly, shift workers can use melatonin to improve sleep quality and adapt to irregular work schedules.
Question (9): What is the role of melatonin as a "master sex hormone," and how does it relate to fertility, PMS, menopause, and sexual health?
Melatonin, while not a sex hormone in the traditional sense, acts as a "master sex hormone" by influencing the production and release of other hormones involved in reproductive processes. It interacts with the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, the intricate hormonal network that governs sexual development and function.
Melatonin may play a role in regulating menstrual cycles, influencing fertility, and potentially mitigating symptoms associated with PMS and menopause. Additionally, its antioxidant properties could contribute to maintaining sexual health and function as we age. Research on melatonin's precise role in these areas is ongoing, but its influence on the hormonal system highlights its potential in supporting various aspects of reproductive health.
Melatonin: The DNA Protector
The authors explain that melatonin may contribute to cancer prevention through its interaction with DNA. Melatonin is found in high concentrations in the nucleus of cells, where DNA resides. While the exact mechanism of how melatonin interacts with DNA is not fully understood, studies have shown that melatonin has a strong ability to protect DNA molecules from damage caused by free radicals.
Free radicals are highly reactive molecules that can damage cellular components, including DNA. This damage can lead to mutations that may contribute to the development of cancer. Melatonin acts as a potent antioxidant, neutralizing free radicals and preventing them from causing harm to DNA. This protective effect is particularly important in the nucleus, where DNA is most vulnerable.
The authors highlight several key points about melatonin's role as a DNA protector:
Direct Association with DNA: Melatonin's presence in the nucleus and its close association with DNA suggest a direct role in safeguarding the genetic material.
Unparalleled Protection: Studies have demonstrated that melatonin exhibits a remarkable ability to shield DNA from free radical damage, even in small amounts. This protective capability is considered crucial in cancer prevention, as it helps maintain the integrity of DNA and reduces the risk of mutations.
Global Antioxidant Action: Unlike some antioxidants that are limited to specific areas within the cell, melatonin can act as a global antioxidant, offering protection throughout the cell, including the nucleus. This broad reach makes it a highly effective defender against free radical damage to DNA.
The authors emphasize that melatonin's ability to safeguard DNA is a key factor in its potential to prevent cancer. By protecting DNA from damage, melatonin helps to reduce the risk of mutations that can lead to uncontrolled cell growth and tumor formation.
Question (10): What is the evidence for melatonin’s potential in treating psychological conditions, and what specific conditions might it be beneficial for?
While research on melatonin's potential for treating psychological conditions is still in its early stages, promising findings suggest it may have beneficial effects. Melatonin's ability to regulate sleep and mood, coupled with its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, makes it a candidate for addressing conditions characterized by sleep disturbances, mood swings, and altered brain chemistry.
Studies have explored melatonin's potential in treating conditions like depression, bipolar disorder, seasonal affective disorder (SAD), schizophrenia, alcoholism, and autism. Some studies indicate melatonin may improve sleep and mood in individuals with depression and SAD. Additionally, its potential to regulate circadian rhythms and reduce oxidative stress in the brain could be relevant to conditions like schizophrenia and autism.
Question (11): What is the connection between melatonin and the development of cataracts, and how might melatonin help prevent or delay their formation?
Cataracts, a leading cause of vision loss, occur when the lens of the eye becomes clouded, impairing light transmission. This clouding is often associated with age-related damage from free radicals and oxidative stress. Melatonin, with its potent antioxidant properties, may offer protection against cataract formation.
Melatonin's ability to scavenge free radicals in the eye helps protect the delicate proteins in the lens from oxidative damage. This protective effect has been observed in animal studies, where melatonin supplementation reduced the incidence of cataracts. Additionally, melatonin's ability to improve blood flow to the eye may contribute to its beneficial effects on ocular health.
Question (12): What is the evidence supporting melatonin's potential role in cardiovascular health, specifically its effects blood pressure, and blood clots?
Emerging research suggests that melatonin may play a protective role in cardiovascular health. It may help regulate blood pressure, potentially through its influence on blood vessel dilation and its antioxidant effects.
Furthermore, melatonin has been shown to inhibit platelet aggregation, the clumping together of blood cells that can lead to blood clots. This anti-clotting effect may reduce the risk of heart attack and stroke. While more research is needed to confirm these findings, the evidence suggests that melatonin may offer valuable benefits for maintaining cardiovascular health.
Melatonin: A Potential Heart Protector
The authors provide evidence suggesting that melatonin may play a vital role in maintaining cardiovascular health. While research is still ongoing, the findings point to several ways in which melatonin may contribute to a healthy heart:
Blood Pressure Regulation
Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is another critical risk factor for heart disease. The authors present evidence that melatonin may help regulate blood pressure, contributing to a healthier cardiovascular system.
Melatonin and hypertension: Studies have shown that individuals with hypertension often have lower melatonin levels. Conversely, removing the pineal gland, the primary source of melatonin, in animals led to increased blood pressure. These findings suggest a link between melatonin and blood pressure regulation.
Melatonin's blood pressure-lowering effect: Research indicates that melatonin administration can reduce blood pressure in animals with induced hypertension. In one pilot study, melatonin normalized blood pressure in human participants with hypertension within a week, without any adverse side effects.
Antioxidant Protection for the Heart
The authors underscore melatonin's potent antioxidant properties, which extend to protecting the cardiovascular system.
Combating oxidative stress: Oxidative stress, caused by an imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants, is implicated in the development of various cardiovascular diseases. Melatonin's ability to scavenge free radicals can help reduce oxidative stress, protecting the heart and blood vessels from damage.
Antioxidants and blood pressure: Research has shown that antioxidants, in general, can lower blood pressure, particularly in individuals with hypertension. This effect may also apply to melatonin's antioxidant action.
Other Potential Cardiovascular Benefits
The authors mention additional ways in which melatonin may benefit cardiovascular health:
Reducing blood clot formation: Melatonin has been shown to decrease the stickiness of blood platelets, which play a key role in clot formation. This effect may lower the risk of heart attacks and strokes, which can occur due to blood clots blocking blood flow to the heart or brain.
Stabilizing heart rhythm: Research suggests that melatonin may contribute to stabilizing the electrical activity of the heart, potentially reducing the risk of arrhythmias or irregular heartbeats.
Question (13): What is the scientific basis for the claim that melatonin may be a key factor in extending lifespan and promoting healthy aging?
The claim that melatonin may contribute to longevity and healthy aging stems from its multifaceted effects on various physiological processes. As a potent antioxidant, melatonin helps protect cells from damage caused by free radicals, a major contributor to age-related decline. Additionally, its ability to strengthen the immune system, regulate sleep, and influence hormonal balance may further support healthy aging.
Animal studies have provided compelling evidence for melatonin's anti-aging potential. In one study, mice given melatonin supplements lived significantly longer than those not receiving melatonin. While research on humans is ongoing, the evidence from animal studies and melatonin's wide-ranging physiological effects suggest that it may play a role in promoting longevity and healthy aging.
Question (14): What is the impact of electromagnetic fields (EMFs) on melatonin production, and what are the potential health implications of reduced melatonin levels due to EMF exposure?
Exposure to electromagnetic fields, particularly those emitted from electronic devices and power lines, has been linked to a decrease in melatonin production. The precise mechanisms are still under investigation, but EMFs may interfere with the pineal gland's ability to produce melatonin or disrupt the signaling pathways that regulate melatonin synthesis.
Reduced melatonin levels due to EMF exposure may have several health implications. It can disrupt sleep patterns, weaken the immune system, increase the risk of cancer, and contribute to other health problems associated with melatonin deficiency. While more research is needed to establish definitive links between EMFs, melatonin suppression, and specific health outcomes, the existing evidence suggests that minimizing EMF exposure is a prudent approach for protecting melatonin production and overall health.
Question (15): What are the potential benefits and risks of taking melatonin supplements, and what factors should be considered before using melatonin?
Melatonin supplements have gained popularity as a natural sleep aid and potential remedy for various health concerns. They may offer benefits such as improving sleep quality, reducing jet lag symptoms, and potentially supporting immune function.
However, it is essential to approach melatonin supplementation with caution. While melatonin is generally considered safe in short-term use, long-term safety data is limited. Potential side effects include drowsiness, headache, dizziness, and gastrointestinal upset. Individuals with certain medical conditions, such as autoimmune disorders or those taking medications that affect melatonin levels, should consult with their healthcare provider before using melatonin.
Drugs That Reduce Melatonin Production
NSAIDS: This class of pain relievers includes aspirin, ibuprofen, and indomethacin. Just one normal dose of aspirin or ibuprofen in the evening can reduce melatonin levels by as much as 75 percent. The sources indicate this reduction is greater than what you would get from sleeping with a light on.
Beta-Blockers: These medications, prescribed to lower blood pressure and treat various heart conditions, are so effective at blocking melatonin production in lab animals that the sources describe them as inducing a "pharmacological pinealectomy," essentially mimicking the removal of the pineal gland. Beta-blockers mentioned in the sources include propranolol, atenolol, and metoprolol.
Calcium Channel Blockers: This is another class of heart medications that can reduce melatonin production. Examples include bepridil, diltiazem, felodipine, isradipine, nicardipine, nimodipine, nisoldipine, and nitrendipine. The sources note that verapamil, a calcium channel blocker, does not appear to affect melatonin production.
Benzodiazepines: These drugs, commonly prescribed as tranquilizers and sleep aids, can suppress melatonin production. The sources specifically mention alprazolam and diazepam.
Fluoxetine (Prozac): While many antidepressant drugs actually stimulate melatonin production, fluoxetine, one of the most widely prescribed antidepressants, has been shown to lower melatonin levels.
Vitamin B-12: Large doses of vitamin B-12 (methylcobalamine or cyanocobalamin) can reduce melatonin levels.
Dexamethasone: This steroid medication, used to treat various inflammatory conditions, can significantly lower melatonin levels.
Other Substances That Reduce Melatonin Production
In addition to prescription and over-the-counter medications, several other substances are known to deplete melatonin:
Tobacco: Studies have linked cigarette smoking to lower nighttime melatonin levels.
Alcohol: While alcohol consumed very late at night might paradoxically increase melatonin production, drinking alcohol in the evening reduces melatonin levels.
Caffeine: Caffeine, found in coffee, tea, and some sodas, can lower melatonin levels.
The sources emphasize that unknowingly taking substances that reduce melatonin production could have several negative effects on your health, including increased free radical damage, greater susceptibility to cancer, a weakened immune system, and an elevated risk of developing degenerative diseases. However, they note that long-term studies are needed to confirm these potential consequences.
Question (16): What specific drugs have been shown to deplete melatonin levels, and what are the mechanisms by which they exert this effect?
A variety of drugs have been shown to deplete melatonin levels, potentially contributing to sleep disturbances, weakened immune function, and other health problems. Beta-blockers, commonly prescribed for high blood pressure and heart conditions, are known to inhibit melatonin synthesis by blocking the beta-adrenergic receptors involved in melatonin production.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen and aspirin, may also lower melatonin levels. NSAIDs block the enzyme cyclooxygenase, which is involved in the production of prostaglandins, molecules that play a role in melatonin synthesis. Other medications that can impact melatonin levels include certain antidepressants, benzodiazepines, and calcium channel blockers. The mechanisms by which these drugs affect melatonin vary, but they often involve interfering with the signaling pathways or enzymes involved in melatonin production.
Question (17): What dietary and lifestyle choices can help support healthy melatonin levels?
In addition to minimizing exposure to light at night and creating a conducive sleep environment, certain dietary and lifestyle choices can help maintain healthy melatonin levels. Consuming foods rich in tryptophan, an amino acid that serves as a precursor to melatonin, may support melatonin production. Tryptophan-rich foods include turkey, chicken, eggs, nuts, and seeds.
Engaging in stress-reducing activities, such as meditation, yoga, and deep breathing exercises, can help mitigate the negative impact of stress on melatonin production. Regular exercise can also promote sleep quality and potentially enhance melatonin levels.
Question (18): How does the production of melatonin differ in individuals with diabetes compared to those without diabetes, and what are the potential implications of these differences?
Individuals with diabetes often exhibit altered melatonin rhythms compared to those without diabetes. Studies have shown that people with diabetes may have lower nighttime melatonin levels and a less pronounced circadian rhythm of melatonin production.
These differences in melatonin production may contribute to several health issues in individuals with diabetes, including sleep disturbances, impaired glucose regulation, and increased oxidative stress. Reduced melatonin levels may also weaken the immune system, increasing susceptibility to infections. Further research is needed to fully understand the complex interplay between melatonin and diabetes, but the existing evidence suggests that supporting healthy melatonin levels may be beneficial for managing diabetes and its complications.
Here are two health conditions linked to low melatonin:
1. Cancer
The sources emphasize that melatonin may play a key role in the body’s defense against cancer. Melatonin’s potent antioxidant properties enable it to scavenge free radicals, protecting cells from damage. Free radicals are highly reactive molecules that can damage DNA, and that damage can lead to mutations which may increase cancer risk. The sources point out that melatonin is found in high concentrations in the nucleus of cells, where DNA resides, suggesting a direct role in protecting genetic material.
The sources highlight a study that found that when animals were protected with melatonin before being injected with a carcinogen, cancer often failed to develop.
The sources also note that melatonin may also help slow the growth of cancer once it is established.
Additionally, they mention studies showing that low melatonin levels are present in patients with breast cancer and prostate cancer. One study showed that when melatonin was added to traditional cancer therapies like chemotherapy, surgery, immunotherapy, and radiation, more patients experienced complete remission of their tumors and the majority of patients lived longer, had fewer side effects, and had a better quality of life.
3. Sleep Problems
The sources identify insomnia as a condition linked to low melatonin levels. Insomnia is a sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep.
The sources suggest that melatonin plays a crucial role in regulating the body's natural sleep-wake cycle, or circadian rhythm.
They note that melatonin levels typically rise in the evening, promoting sleepiness, and fall in the morning, signaling wakefulness.
Disruptions in melatonin production can lead to sleep disturbances, such as insomnia.
Question (19): What is the potential role of melatonin in preventing or treating seizures?
The potential role of melatonin in seizure management is an area of ongoing research. While melatonin's precise mechanisms in preventing or treating seizures are not yet fully understood, some studies suggest that it may influence neuronal excitability and neurotransmitter activity in the brain, potentially reducing seizure susceptibility.
Additionally, melatonin's antioxidant properties may help protect brain cells from damage caused by seizures. Some anecdotal reports and preliminary studies indicate that melatonin supplementation may reduce seizure frequency in certain individuals, particularly those with epilepsy. However, more rigorous research is needed to confirm these findings and establish melatonin's efficacy and safety as a potential treatment option for seizures.
Question (20): What are the possible mechanisms by which melatonin might exert its anti-hypertensive effects?
Melatonin may help regulate blood pressure through various mechanisms. One proposed mechanism involves melatonin's ability to reduce the activity of an enzyme called CA^2+ + MG^2+ -dependent ATPase. This enzyme plays a role in calcium transport, which is important for muscle contraction, including the contraction of blood vessels. By reducing the activity of this enzyme, melatonin may help relax blood vessels, leading to a decrease in blood pressure.
Another possibility is that melatonin's antioxidant properties may contribute to its blood pressure-lowering effects. Free radicals can damage the lining of blood vessels, contributing to inflammation and the development of atherosclerosis. By scavenging free radicals, melatonin may help protect blood vessels and improve their function, potentially leading to lower blood pressure.
Finally, melatonin may directly interact with receptors on the walls of arteries, causing them to expand. This mechanism was suggested by a study on rats, where melatonin was found to relax the smooth muscle lining the aorta, a major artery.
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Thanks for putting my info at the start of your post. I believe I will be taking melatonin at a dose of about 200 mg every night for the rest of my life. I also believe, based on my other hormone background and what I have learned recently, that it is harmless.
In a previous post Aspirin was put forth as a wonder drug. In this post on melatonin, Aspirin is said to interfere with its production. I am confused.